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MIC4421/4422 micrel august 2004 1 m9999-042604 MIC4421/4422 9a-peak low-side mosfet driver bipolar/cmos/dmos process general description MIC4421 and mic4422 mosfet drivers are rugged, effi- cient, and easy to use. the MIC4421 is an inverting driver, while the mic4422 is a non-inverting driver. both versions are capable of 9a (peak) output and can drive the largest mosfets with an improved safe operating mar- gin. the MIC4421/4422 accepts any logic input from 2.4v to v s without external speed-up capacitors or resistor net- works. proprietary circuits allow the input to swing negative by as much as 5v without damaging the part. additional circuits protect against damage from electrostatic discharge. MIC4421/4422 drivers can replace three or more discrete components, reducing pcb area requirements, simplifying product design, and reducing assembly cost. modern bipolar/cmos/dmos construction guarantees free- dom from latch-up. the rail-to-rail swing capability of cmos/ dmos insures adequate gate voltage to the mosfet dur- ing power up/down sequencing. since these devices are fabricated on a self-aligned process, they have very low crossover current, run cool, use little power, and are easy to drive. features bicmos/dmos construction latch-up proof: fully isolated process is inherently immune to any latch-up. input will withstand negative swing of up to 5v matched rise and fall times ............................... 25ns high peak output current .............................. 9a peak wide operating range .............................. 4.5v to 18v high capacitive load drive ........................... 47,000pf low delay time ........................................... 30ns typ. logic high input for any voltage from 2.4v to v s low equivalent input capacitance (typ) ................. 7pf low supply current .............. 450 a with logic 1 input low output impedance ........................................ 1.5 ? output voltage swing to within 25mv of gnd or v s applications switch mode power supplies motor controls pulse transformer driver class-d switching amplifiers line drivers driving mosfet or igbt parallel chip modules local power on/off switch pulse generators functional diagram in out MIC4421 inverting mic4422 non-inverting 0.1ma 0.3ma 2k ? v s gnd micrel, inc. ?1849 fortune drive ?san jose, ca 95131 ?usa ?tel + 1 (408) 944-0800 ?fax + 1 (408) 474-1000 ?http://www.mic rel.com
MIC4421/4422 micrel m9999-042604 2 august 2004 ordering information part no. temperature range package configuration lead finish MIC4421cn 0 c to +70 c 8-pin pdip inverting standard MIC4421zn 0 c to +70 c 8-pin pdip inverting pb-free MIC4421bn 40 c to +85 c 8-pin pdip inverting standard MIC4421yn 40 c to +85 c 8-pin pdip inverting pb-free MIC4421cm 0 c to +70 c 8-pin soic inverting standard MIC4421bm 40 c to +85 c 8-pin soic inverting standard MIC4421ct 0 c to +70 c 5-pin to-220 inverting standard mic4422cn 0 c to +70 c 8-pin pdip non-inverting standard mic4422zn 0 c to +70 c 8-pin pdip non-inverting pb-free mic4422bn 40 c to +85 c 8-pin pdip non-inverting standard mic4422yn 40 c to +85 c 8-pin pdip non-inverting pb-free mic4422cm 0 c to +70 c 8-pin soic non-inverting standard mic4422bm 40 c to +85 c 8-pin soic non-inverting standard mic4422ct 0 c to +70 c 5-pin to-220 non-inverting standard pin configurations 1 2 3 4 8 7 6 5 vs out out gnd vs in nc gnd plastic dip (n) soic (m) tab 5 out 4 gnd 3vs 2 gnd 1in to-220-5 (t) pin description pin number pin number pin name pin function to-220-5 dip, soic 1 2 in control input 2, 4 4, 5 gnd ground: duplicate pins must be externally connected together. 3, tab 1, 8 v s supply input: duplicate pins must be externally connected together. 5 6, 7 out output: duplicate pins must be externally connected together. 3 nc not connected.
MIC4421/4422 micrel august 2004 3 m9999-042604 electrical characteristics: (t a = 25 c with 4.5 v v s 18 v unless otherwise specified.) symbol parameter conditions min typ max units input v ih logic 1 input voltage 2.4 1.3 v v il logic 0 input voltage 1.1 0.8 v v in input voltage range 5v s +0.3 v i in input current 0 v v in v s 10 10 a output v oh high output voltage see figure 1 v s .025 v v ol low output voltage see figure 1 0.025 v r o output resistance, i out = 10 ma, v s = 18 v 0.6 ? output high r o output resistance, i out = 10 ma, v s = 18 v 0.8 1.7 ? output low i pk peak output current v s = 18 v (see figure 6) 9 a i dc continuous output current 2 a i r latch-up protection duty cycle 2% >1500 ma withstand reverse current t 300 s switching time (note 3) t r rise time test figure 1, c l = 10,000 pf 20 75 ns t f fall time test figure 1, c l = 10,000 pf 24 75 ns t d1 delay time test figure 1 15 60 ns t d2 delay time test figure 1 35 60 ns power supply i s power supply current v in = 3 v 0.4 1.5 ma v in = 0 v 80 150 a v s operating input voltage 4.5 18 v operating ratings junction temperature ............................................... 150 c ambient temperature c version ................................................... 0 c to +70 c b version ................................................ 40 c to +85 c thermal resistance 5-pin to-220 ( jc ) .............................................. 10 c/w absolute maximum ratings (notes 1, 2 and 3) supply voltage .............................................................. 20v input voltage .................................. v s + 0.3v to gnd 5v input current (v in > v s ) ............................................ 50 ma power dissipation, t a 25 c pdip .................................................................... 960mw soic ................................................................. 1040mw 5-pin to-220 .............................................................. 2w power dissipation, t case 25 c 5-pin to-220 ......................................................... 12.5w derating factors (to ambient) pdip ................................................................ 7.7mw/ c soic ............................................................... 8.3mw/ c 5-pin to-220 .................................................... 17mw/ c storage temperature ............................... 65 c to +150 c lead temperature (10 sec) ....................................... 300 c
MIC4421/4422 micrel m9999-042604 4 august 2004 figure 1. inverting driver switching time electrical characteristics: (over operating temperature range with 4.5v v s 18v unless otherwise specified.) symbol parameter conditions min typ max units input v ih logic 1 input voltage 2.4 1.4 v v il logic 0 input voltage 1.0 0.8 v v in input voltage range 5v s +0.3 v i in input current 0v v in v s 10 10 a output v oh high output voltage figure 1 v s .025 v v ol low output voltage figure 1 0.025 v r o output resistance, i out = 10ma, v s = 18v 0.8 3.6 ? output high r o output resistance, i out = 10ma, v s = 18v 1.3 2.7 ? output low switching time (note 3) t r rise time figure 1, c l = 10,000pf 23 120 ns t f fall time figure 1, c l = 10,000pf 30 120 ns t d1 delay time figure 1 20 80 ns t d2 delay time figure 1 40 80 ns power supply i s power supply current v in = 3v 0.6 3 ma v in = 0v 0.1 0.2 v s operating input voltage 4.5 18 v note 1: functional operation above the absolute maximum stress ratings is not implied. note 2: static-sensitive device. store only in conductive containers. handling personnel and equipment should be grounded to prevent damage from static discharge. note 3: switching times guaranteed by design. test circuits in MIC4421 out 15000pf v s = 18v 0.1f 4.7f 0.1f in mic4422 out 15000pf v s = 18v 0.1f 4.7f 0.1f t d1 90% 10% t f 10% 0v 5v t d2 t r v s output input 90% 0v t pw 0.5s 2.5v t pw 90% 10% t r 10% 0v 5v t f v s output input 90% 0v t pw 0.5s t d1 t d2 t pw 2.5v figure 2. noninverting driver switching time
MIC4421/4422 micrel august 2004 5 m9999-042604 4 6 8 1012141618 220 200 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 0 supply voltage (v) rise time (ns) rise time vs. supply voltage 20 22,000pf 10,000pf 47,000pf 4 6 8 1012141618 220 200 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 0 supply voltage (v) fall time (ns) fall time vs. supply voltage 20 22,000pf 10,000pf 47,000pf 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 temperature ( c) time (ns) rise and fall times vs. temperature -40 0 40 80 120 c l = 10,000pf v s = 18v t fall t rise 100 1000 10k 100k 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 capacitive load (pf) rise time (ns) rise time vs. capacitive load 18v 10v 5v 100 1000 10k 100k 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 capacitive load (pf) fall time (ns) fall time vs. capacitive load 18v 10v 5v 4 6 8 1012141618 10 -7 10 -8 10 -9 voltage (v) crossover energy (a s) crossover energy vs. supply voltage per transition 100 1000 10k 100k 75 30 0 capacitive load (pf) supply current (ma) supply current vs. capacitive load 15 45 60 v s = 5v 50khz 1 mhz 200khz 100 1000 10k 100k 220 160 100 40 0 capacitive load (pf) supply current (ma) supply current vs. capacitive load 20 60 80 120 140 180 200 v s = 18v 50khz 200khz 1 mhz 100 1000 10k 100k 150 60 0 capacitive load (pf) supply current (ma) supply current vs. capacitive load 30 90 120 v s = 12v 50khz 1 mhz 200khz typical characteristics 10k 100k 1m 10m 120 100 40 0 frequency (hz) supply current (ma) supply current vs. frequency 20 60 80 v s = 12v 0.1f 0.01f 1000pf 10k 100k 1m 10m 60 50 20 0 frequency (hz) supply current (ma) supply current vs. frequency 10 30 40 v s = 5v 0.1f 0.01f 1000pf 10k 100k 1m 10m 180 160 100 40 0 frequency (hz) supply current (ma) supply current vs. frequency 20 60 80 120 140 v s = 18v 0.1f 0.01f 1000pf
MIC4421/4422 micrel m9999-042604 6 august 2004 4 6 8 1012141618 50 40 30 20 0 supply voltage (v) time (ns) propagation delay vs. supply voltage 10 t d2 t d1 0246810 120 110 100 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 input (v) time (ns) propagation delay vs. input amplitude 80 90 t d2 t d1 v s = 10v -40 0 40 80 120 1000 100 10 temperature ( c) quiescent supply current (a) quiescent supply current vs. temperature input = 0 input = 1 v s = 18v 4 6 8 1012141618 2.4 2.2 2.0 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 supply voltage (v) high-state output resistance ( ? ) high-state output resist. vs. supply voltage 1.6 1.8 t j = 25 c t j = 150 c 4 6 8 1012141618 2.4 2.2 2.0 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 supply voltage (v) low-state output resistance ( ? ) low-state output resist. vs. supply voltage 1.6 1.8 t j = 25 c t j = 150 c -40 0 40 80 120 50 40 30 20 10 0 temperature ( c) time (ns) propagation delay vs. temperature t d2 t d1 typical characteristics
MIC4421/4422 micrel august 2004 7 m9999-042604 applications information supply bypassing charging and discharging large capacitive loads quickly requires large currents. for example, charging a 10,000pf load to 18v in 50ns requires 3.6a. the MIC4421/4422 has double bonding on the supply pins, the ground pins and output pins. this reduces parasitic lead inductance. low inductance enables large currents to be switched rapidly. it also reduces internal ringing that can cause voltage breakdown when the driver is operated at or near the maximum rated voltage. internal ringing can also cause output oscillation due to feedback. this feedback is added to the input signal since it is referenced to the same ground. figure 3. direct motor drive figure 4. self contained voltage doubler 30 29 28 27 26 25 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 ma volts 12 ? lin e output voltage vs load curren t drive logic 1 drive signal conduction angle control 0 to 180 conduction angle control 180 to 360 mic4451 v s 1f v s mic4452 v s 1f v s 1 m 3 2 phase 1 of 3 phase motor driver using mic4420/4429 MIC4421 1f 50v mks 2 united chemcon sxe 0.1f wima mks 2 1 8 6, 7 5 4 0.1f 50v 5.6 k ? 560 ? +15 560f 50v byv 10 (x 2) 100f 50v (x2) 1n4448 2 + + + to guarantee low supply impedance over a wide frequency range, a parallel capacitor combination is recommended for supply bypassing. low inductance ceramic disk capacitors with short lead lengths (< 0.5 inch) should be used. a 1 f low esr film capacitor in parallel with two 0.1 f low esr ceramic capacitors, (such as avx ram guard ), provides adequate bypassing. connect one ceramic capacitor di- rectly between pins 1 and 4. connect the second ceramic capacitor directly between pins 8 and 5. grounding the high current capability of the MIC4421/4422 demands careful pc board layout for best performance. since the MIC4421 is an inverting driver, any ground lead impedance will appear as negative feedback which can degrade switch- ing speed. feedback is especially noticeable with slow-rise time inputs. the MIC4421 input structure includes about 200mv of hysteresis to ensure clean transitions and free- dom from oscillation, but attention to layout is still recom- mended. figure 5 shows the feedback effect in detail. as the MIC4421 input begins to go positive, the output goes negative and several amperes of current flow in the ground lead. as little as 0.05 ? of pc trace resistance can produce hundreds of millivolts at the MIC4421 ground pins. if the driving logic is referenced to power ground, the effective logic input level is reduced and oscillation may result. to insure optimum performance, separate ground traces should be provided for the logic and power connections. connecting the logic ground directly to the MIC4421 gnd pins will ensure full logic drive to the input and ensure fast output switching. both of the MIC4421 gnd pins should, however, still be connected to power ground.
MIC4421/4422 micrel m9999-042604 8 august 2004 table 1: MIC4421 maximum operating frequency v s max frequency 18v 220khz 15v 300khz 10v 640khz 5v 2mhz conditions: 1. ja = 150 c/w 2. t a = 25 c 3. c l = 10,000pf dissipation limit can easily be exceeded. therefore, some attention should be given to power dissipation when driving low impedance loads and/or operating at high frequency. the supply current vs. frequency and supply current vs capacitive load characteristic curves aid in determining power dissipation calculations. table 1 lists the maximum safe operating frequency for several power supply voltages when driving a 10,000pf load. more accurate power dissi- pation figures can be obtained by summing the three dissipation sources. given the power dissipation in the device, and the thermal resistance of the package, junction operating temperature for any ambient is easy to calculate. for example, the thermal resistance of the 8-pin plastic dip package, from the data sheet, is 130 c/w. in a 25 c ambient, then, using a maximum junction temperature of 150 c, this package will dissipate 960mw. accurate power dissipation numbers can be obtained by summing the three sources of power dissipation in the device: load power dissipation (p l ) quiescent power dissipation (p q ) transition power dissipation (p t ) calculation of load power dissipation differs depending on whether the load is capacitive, resistive or inductive. resistive load power dissipation dissipation caused by a resistive load can be calculated as: p l = i 2 r o d where: i = the current drawn by the load r o = the output resistance of the driver when the output is high, at the power supply voltage used. (see data sheet) d = fraction of time the load is conducting (duty cycle) figure 5. switching time degradation due to negative feedback MIC4421 1 8 6, 7 5 4 +18 0.1f 0.1f tek current probe 6302 2,500 pf polycarbonate 5.0v 0 v 18 v 0 v 300 mv 6 amps pc trace resistance = 0.05 ? input stage the input voltage level of the MIC4421 changes the quies- cent supply current. the n channel mosfet input stage transistor drives a 320 a current source load. with a logic 1 input, the maximum quiescent supply current is 400 a. logic 0 input level signals reduce quiescent current to 80 a typical. the MIC4421/4422 input is designed to provide 300mv of hysteresis. this provides clean transitions, reduces noise sensitivity, and minimizes output stage current spiking when changing states. input voltage threshold level is approxi- mately 1.5v, making the device ttl compatible over the full temperature and operating supply voltage ranges. input current is less than 10 a. the MIC4421 can be directly driven by the tl494, sg1526/ 1527, sg1524, tsc170, mic38c42, and similar switch mode power supply integrated circuits. by offloading the power-driving duties to the MIC4421/4422, the power supply controller can operate at lower dissipation. this can improve performance and reliability. the input can be greater than the v s supply, however, current will flow into the input lead. the input currents can be as high as 30ma p-p (6.4ma rms ) with the input. no damage will occur to MIC4421/4422 however, and it will not latch. the input appears as a 7pf capacitance and does not change even if the input is driven from an ac source. while the device will operate and no damage will occur up to 25v below the negative rail, input current will increase up to 1ma/v due to the clamping action of the input, esd diode, and 1k ? resistor. power dissipation cmos circuits usually permit the user to ignore power dissipation. logic families such as 4000 and 74c have outputs which can only supply a few milliamperes of current, and even shorting outputs to ground will not force enough current to destroy the device. the MIC4421/4422 on the other hand, can source or sink several amperes and drive large capacitive loads at high frequency. the package power
MIC4421/4422 micrel august 2004 9 m9999-042604 transition power dissipation transition power is dissipated in the driver each time its output changes state, because during the transition, for a very brief interval, both the n- and p-channel mosfets in the output totem-pole are on simultaneously, and a current is conducted through them from v s to ground. the transition power dissipation is approximately: p t = 2 f v s (a s) where (a s) is a time-current factor derived from the typical characteristic curve crossover energy vs. supply voltage. total power (p d ) then, as previously described is just p d = p l + p q + p t definitions c l = load capacitance in farads. d = duty cycle expressed as the fraction of time the input to the driver is high. f = operating frequency of the driver in hertz i h = power supply current drawn by a driver when both inputs are high and neither output is loaded. i l = power supply current drawn by a driver when both inputs are low and neither output is loaded. i d = output current from a driver in amps. p d = total power dissipated in a driver in watts. p l = power dissipated in the driver due to the driver s load in watts. p q = power dissipated in a quiescent driver in watts. p t = power dissipated in a driver when the output changes states ( shoot-through current ) in watts. note: the shoot-through current from a dual transition (once up, once down) for both drivers is stated in figure 7 in ampere-nanoseconds. this figure must be multiplied by the number of repeti- tions per second (frequency) to find watts. r o = output resistance of a driver in ohms. v s = power supply voltage to the ic in volts. capacitive load power dissipation dissipation caused by a capacitive load is simply the energy placed in, or removed from, the load capacitance by the driver. the energy stored in a capacitor is described by the equation: e = 1/2 c v 2 as this energy is lost in the driver each time the load is charged or discharged, for power dissipation calculations the 1/2 is removed. this equation also shows that it is good practice not to place more voltage in the capacitor than is necessary, as dissipation increases as the square of the voltage applied to the capacitor. for a driver with a capacitive load: p l = f c (v s ) 2 where: f = operating frequency c = load capacitance v s = driver supply voltage inductive load power dissipation for inductive loads the situation is more complicated. for the part of the cycle in which the driver is actively forcing current into the inductor, the situation is the same as it is in the resistive case: p l1 = i 2 r o d however, in this instance the r o required may be either the on resistance of the driver when its output is in the high state, or its on resistance when the driver is in the low state, depending on how the inductor is connected, and this is still only half the story. for the part of the cycle when the inductor is forcing current through the driver, dissipation is best described as p l2 = i v d (1 d) where v d is the forward drop of the clamp diode in the driver (generally around 0.7v). the two parts of the load dissipation must be summed in to produce p l p l = p l1 + p l2 quiescent power dissipation quiescent power dissipation (p q , as described in the input section) depends on whether the input is high or low. a low input will result in a maximum current drain (per driver) of 0.2ma; a logic high will result in a current drain of 3.0ma. quiescent power can therefore be found from: p q = v s [d i h + (1 d) i l ] where: i h = quiescent current with input high i l = quiescent current with input low d = fraction of time input is high (duty cycle) v s = power supply voltage
MIC4421/4422 micrel m9999-042604 10 august 2004 MIC4421 1 8 6, 7 5 4 +18 v 0.1f 0.1f tek current probe 6302 10,000 pf polycarbonate 5.0v 0 v 18 v 0 v wima mk22 1 f 2 figure 6. peak output current test circuit
MIC4421/4422 micrel august 2004 11 m9999-042604 package information 0.380 (9.65) 0.370 (9.40) 0.135 (3.43) 0.125 (3.18) pin 1 dimensions: inch (mm) 0.018 (0.57) 0.100 (2.54) 0.013 (0.330) 0.010 (0.254) 0.300 (7.62) 0.255 (6.48) 0.245 (6.22) 0.380 (9.65) 0.320 (8.13) 0.0375 (0.952) 0.130 (3.30) 8-pin plastic dip (n) 45 0 8 0.244 (6.20) 0.228 (5.79) 0.197 (5.0) 0.189 (4.8) seating plane 0.026 (0.65) max ) 0.010 (0.25) 0.007 (0.18) 0.064 (1.63) 0.045 (1.14) 0.0098 (0.249) 0.0040 (0.102) 0.020 (0.51) 0.013 (0.33) 0.157 (3.99) 0.150 (3.81) 0.050 (1.27) typ pin 1 dimensions: inches (mm) 0.050 (1.27) 0.016 (0.40) 8-pin sop (m)
MIC4421/4422 micrel m9999-042604 12 august 2004 0.008 (0.20) 0.004 (0.10) 0.039 (0.99) 0.035 (0.89) 0.021 (0.53) 0.012 (0.03) r 0.0256 (0.65) typ 0.012 (0.30) r 5 max 0 min 0.122 (3.10) 0.112 (2.84) 0.120 (3.05) 0.116 (2.95) 0.012 (0.03) 0.007 (0.18) 0.005 (0.13) 0.043 (1.09) 0.038 (0.97) 0.036 (0.90) 0.032 (0.81) dimensions: inch (mm) 0.199 (5.05) 0.187 (4.74) 8-pin msop (mm) 0.018 0.008 (0.46 0.20) 0.268 ref (6.81 ref) 0.032 0.005 (0.81 0.13) 0.550 0.010 (13.97 0.25) 7 typ. seating plane 0.578 0.018 (14.68 0.46) 0.108 0.005 (2.74 0.13) 0.050 0.005 (1.27 0.13) 0.150 d 0.005 (3.81 d 0.13) 0.400 0.015 (10.16 0.38) 0.177 0.008 (4.50 0.20) 0.103 0.013 (2.62 0.33) 0.241 0.017 (6.12 0.43) 0.067 0.005 (1.70 0.127) inch (mm) dimensions: 5-lead to-220 (t) micrel, inc. 1849 fortune drive san jose, ca 95131 usa tel + 1 (408) 944-0800 fax + 1 (408) 474-1000 web http://www.micrel.com the information furnished by micrel in this data sheet is believed to be accurate and reliable. however, no responsibility is a ssumed by micrel for its use. micrel reserves the right to change circuitry and specifications at any time without notification to the customer. micrel products are not designed or authorized for use as components in life support appliances, devices or systems where malfu nction of a product can reasonably be expected to result in personal injury. life support devices or systems are devices or systems that (a) are intend ed for surgical implant into the body or (b) support or sustain life, and whose failure to perform can be reasonably expected to result in a significant inj ury to the user. a purchaser s use or sale of micrel products for use in life support appliances, devices or systems is at purchaser s own risk and purchaser agrees to fully indemnify micrel for any damages resulting from such use or sale. ? 2004 micrel, incorporated.

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